Which term defines the physical and biotic environmental factors that allow an animal or plant to survive and reproduce?

The term that defines the physical and biotic environmental factors enabling an animal or plant to survive and reproduce is habitat. A habitat encompasses all the essential resources and conditions an organism needs, such as food, water, shelter, and suitable environmental conditions. It is specific to an organism's requirements and can vary greatly among different species.

An ecosystem refers to a broader concept that includes not only the living organisms (biotic factors) but also the non-living components (abiotic factors) of a certain area and how they interact.

A biome is a larger ecological classification that groups ecosystems with similar climatic conditions, plant structures, and animal communities. Biomes encompass multiple habitats but do not focus on the specific needs of individual species.

The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems and is the layer of Earth where life exists. While it encompasses all habitats and biomes, it does not define the specific environmental factors that allow individual organisms to thrive.

Thus, habitat is the most precise term for the specific conditions necessary for the survival and reproduction of an organism.