Which of these is not a pillar of sustainability?

In the context of sustainability, the recognized pillars commonly include environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability. Each of these pillars plays an essential role in creating a balanced and sustainable approach to development.

Environmental sustainability focuses on the conservation of natural resources and the preservation of ecosystems, aiming to maintain a healthy environment for present and future generations. Economic sustainability relates to the stable and equitable provision of resources and opportunities for economic growth without compromising social and environmental health. Social sustainability emphasizes the importance of social equity, cultural heritage, and community engagement, ensuring that all individuals have access to resources and opportunities.

Trans-boundary sustainability, while it may refer to issues that arise due to borders and international cooperation related to environmental management or sustainability challenges, is not established as a standalone pillar of sustainability. The term may describe certain contexts or challenges associated with sustainability, particularly in global discussions, but does not represent an independent foundational concept like the other three pillars. Therefore, it stands apart from the core pillars of sustainability recognized in studies and practices.