What term describes the regular, seasonal movement of animals along fixed routes?

The term that describes the regular, seasonal movement of animals along fixed routes is migration. Migration is a well-documented phenomenon in which animals move from one geographic area to another, usually in response to changes in environmental conditions such as temperature, food availability, or breeding opportunities. This movement tends to be cyclical, occurring at specific times of the year, often correlating with seasons.

For example, many bird species migrate from their breeding grounds in the summer to warmer southern regions in the winter to escape harsh weather conditions and find food. This behavior is critical for their survival and reproductive success.

Other terms listed do not capture this specific pattern. Translocation refers to the deliberate movement of organisms from one location to another, often for conservation efforts, and does not imply a seasonal or fixed route. Dispersal is related to the movement of individuals away from their birthplace, and it does not necessarily follow a regular pattern or fixed route. Drifting generally refers to passive movement, often in aquatic environments, and does not convey the active and purposeful nature of seasonal migration.