What does a species distribution model predict?

A species distribution model is specifically designed to predict the geographic distribution of a species across specific areas based on environmental and ecological factors. These models use various data inputs, such as climate variables, land cover, and biological data, to identify suitable habitats where a species is likely to thrive. By analyzing the relationships between species occurrence and environmental conditions, the model can forecast where a species is expected to be found in the future, especially in the face of habitat changes or climate change.

The other options focus on different aspects of wildlife ecology that do not pertain to the primary function of a species distribution model. For instance, economic value relates to the financial benefits derived from wildlife, which is a different area of study. Genetic diversity addresses the variety of genetic characteristics within a species and its implications for adaptability and evolution, while reproductive patterns concern the breeding and life cycle strategies of a species. None of these aspects involve predicting a species' distribution directly, which underscores why the correct answer centers on geographic distribution.