What concept explains the interaction between human populations and their environments?

The concept that best explains the interaction between human populations and their environments is population ecology. This field examines how populations of organisms, including humans, interact with their environment, taking into account factors such as population size, density, distribution, and the various biotic and abiotic elements that affect these dynamics. Population ecology specifically looks at how human activities influence population structures and the carrying capacities of ecosystems, as well as how shifts in human populations can impact ecological balance.

In contrast, while sustainable development addresses the need to meet present human needs without compromising future generations, it is more focused on creating a balance between economic growth and environmental protection. Environmental justice emphasizes equity in environmental policy and practices, ensuring that all communities have access to a healthy environment. The ecological footprint measurement provides insight into the environmental impact of human activities but does not focus as directly on the interactions between populations and their environments as population ecology does.