The movement of individuals away from their original habitat to a new one for survival and reproduction is known as?

The process described in the question refers to the movement of individuals away from their original habitat to a new location, primarily for the purposes of survival and reproduction. This definition aligns closely with the concept of dispersal.

Dispersal is a biological term that describes the mechanisms by which organisms spread from their birthplace to new areas, allowing for gene flow and population dynamics. This movement is crucial for many species as it helps them find new resources, reduce competition, and enhance their chances of survival and reproductive success in varied environments. Dispersal can occur through various means, including wind, water, or animal-mediated movements.

While migration also involves movement, it is typically characterized by seasonal, periodic movements to specific locations, often associated with changes in climate or availability of resources. It is more about following a set route to return to the original location, rather than establishing in a new habitat. Translocation refers specifically to the deliberate movement of individuals or populations by humans, usually for conservation purposes. Drifting is a less common term and is not specific to animal behavior related to habitat change.

Therefore, dispersal is the most accurate term for the situation where individuals move away from their original habitat to establish in a new one, driven by survival and reproductive strategies.