The demographic transition sees a society move from:

The demographic transition model describes the transformation of a society's population structure over time, moving through distinct stages. In the context of this model, the correct progression begins with high birth rates and high death rates, which is typical of pre-industrial societies characterized by limited access to healthcare, poor sanitation, and high levels of disease.

As societies progress through the stages of the demographic transition, several changes occur. Improved medical care, better nutrition, and enhanced sanitation lead to a decrease in the death rate while the birth rate remains relatively high for a time. This results in a population explosion. As the society continues to develop economically and socially, people start to have fewer children, leading to a reduction in birth rates. Eventually, the society reaches a stage where both birth rates and death rates are low, indicative of a modern, industrialized society with access to healthcare and education.

Thus, the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates illustrates the shift a society undergoes as it develops, making this the correct interpretation of the demographic transition model.