How do invasive species typically affect native ecosystems?

Invasive species often have a profound impact on native ecosystems primarily by outcompeting native species for resources such as food, habitat, and light. When an invasive species is introduced to a new environment, it can thrive due to a lack of natural predators, pathogens, or competitors that normally keep its population in check in its native habitat. This competitive advantage allows invasive species to dominate the ecosystem, leading to a decrease in the abundance and diversity of native species.

As invasive species establish themselves, they can alter the ecosystem structure and function, potentially leading to changes in nutrient cycling, soil composition, and hydrology. This disruption can negatively affect native species that may not be able to adapt quickly enough to the new competition or altered conditions, ultimately resulting in the decline or extinction of those native species. Thus, the role of invasive species in native ecosystems is predominantly detrimental, making the outcompetition of native species a critical concern in wildlife ecology and conservation efforts.